Welcome!

This website is a collection of the DRAFT data collected for the 2011 nomination of 6 high potential route segments of the Old Spanish National Historical Trail in a contract administered by the Old Spanish Trail Association on behalf of the NPS, BLM, and USFS. SHPOs and THPOs in 6 states, as well as over 100 volunteers and stakeholders participated in this project, which included historical, ethnographic, geographic, and field research conducted by Mark Henderson and Rachel Preston Prinz. The drafts were written by Mark Henderson and edited by Rachel Prinz. This data will be submitted to the National Register once OSTA's consultant (not us) completes the MPDF. We are providing this data as a service to the OSTA membership, to the various stakeholders, and on behalf of the American people... to whom this amazing trail belongs.
Please fell free to contact us, and/or use these documents in your own research, with appropriate citation.

Reading

Suggested resources from Mark Henderson:

Adams, Eleanor B. and Fray Angelico Chavez (1975).  The Missions of New Mexico, 1776. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.

Adler, Michael A. and Herbert W. Dick (1999).  Picuris Pueblo through Time: Eight Centuries of Change at a Northern Rio Grande Pueblo. Dallas: William P. Clements Center for Southwest Studies, Southern Methodist University.

Anderson, Allen (1864 [reprint Museum of New Mexico Press, no date]).  Map of the Military Department of New Mexico. Accompanying Report of Brigadeer General J. H. Carleton Series I Vol XLVIII. US Government Printing Office.

Bauer, Paul W. (2004).  There’s Gold in Them Cliffs…or is There? The Fleeting (and Fleecing?) Glen-Woody Mining Venture. In Geology of the Taos Region, Edited by Brian S. Brister and Others. Page 69. Albuquerque: New Mexico Geological Society.

Beckwith, E. G. (1855). Report of the Exploration of a Route for the Pacific Railroad, Near the 38th and 39th Parallels of Latitude, from the Mouth of the Kansas to Sevier River, in the Great Basin. 33rd Congress, 1st Session, House of Representatives Executive Document No 129. Washington: A.O.P. Nicholson, Printer.

Bennett, C., Dickson, P., Ramsay, B. H., & Ramsay, J. B. (no date). The "Winter" Route between Velarde and Taos before 1875.

Bloom, Lansing B. (1927). Early Weaving in New Mexico. New Mexico Historical Review Vol 2, No. 3: 228-238.

Blumenschein, H. G. (1968). Historic Roads and Trails to Taos. El Palacio , 75 (1), 9-19.

Boyle, Susan Calafate. (1994).  Comerciantes, Arrieros, Y Peones: The Hispanos and the Santa Fe Trade. Southwest Cultural Resources Center Professional Papers No. 54. Santa Fe: Division of History, Southwest Region, National Park Service.

Brewerton, George Douglas. (1993).  Overland with Kit Carson: A Narrative of the Old Spanish Trail in ’48. Introduction by Marc Simmons. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.

Brister, Brian S., Paul W. Bauer, Adam S. Read, Virgil W. Leuth, editors (2004). Geology of the Taos Region. Albuquerque: New Mexico Geological Society.

Brown, Margie Coffin (2005). Historic Trails.  National Park Service Olmstead Center for Landscape Preservation Landscape Lines Volume 15. Washington DC: Government Printing Office.

Colville, R. M. (1996). La Vereda: A Trail through Time. Del Norte: The San Luis Valley Historical Society.

Carvalho, Solomon Nunes (2004 [1858]).  Incidents of Travel and Adventure in the Far West with Colonel Frémont’s Last Expedition.  With Introduction by Ava F. Kahn. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.

Chronic, Halka (1980).  Roadside Geology of Colorado. Missoula: Mountain Press Publishing Company.

Davis, W.W.H. (1982 [1857]). El Gringo, or New Mexico and Her People.University of Nebraska Press

Ellis, Florence Hawley (1962). Anthropological Data Pertaining to the Taos Land Claim. New York: Clearwater Publishing Company [The Expert Testimony Before the Indian Claims Commission].

Ellis, M. S. and Virginia Gabaldo (1989).  Geologic Map and Cross Sections of Parts of the Grand Junction and Delta 30’ x 60’ Quadrangles, West-Central Colorado. Denver; US Geological Survey.

Estados Unidos Mexicanos (1830).  Camino Descubierto desde el pueblo de Abiquiύ en el Territorio de Nuevo México, hasta la Alta California. Parte No Oficial. Año 1, Tomo II, Numero 34 page 150 Registro Oficial. Mexico City.

Gardner, Mark L. (2000). Wagons for the Santa Fe Trade: Wheeled Vehicles and their Makers 1822-1880. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.

Garrard, Lewis H. (1955).  Wah-to-yah and the Taos Trail. Norman: University of Oklahoma.

Gjevre,John A. (2008). Chili Line: The Narrow Rail Trail to Santa Fe.  Third Revised Edition. Española: The Rio Grande Sun.

Goetzman, William H. (1979).  Army Exploration in the American West 1803-1863. Lincoln: University of Nebraska.

Goetzman, William H. (2000).  Exploration and Empire: The Explorer and the Scientist in the Winning of the American West. Austin: Texas State Historical Association.

Goss, James A. (2000). Traditional Cosmology, Ecology and Language of the Ute Indians IN Ute Indian Arts and Culture from Prehistory to the New Mellenium, Edited by William Wroth. Colorado Springs: Taylor Museum of the Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center.  Pages 27-42.

Gregg, Josiah (1974 [1844]). Commerce of the Praries. Edited by Max L. Moorhead. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.

Griffith, Glenn. (2010).  Level III North American Terrestrial Ecoregions: United States Descriptions. North American Commission for Environmental Cooperation.  Montreal, Quebec, Canada: www.cec.org

Guild, Thelma S. and Harvey L. Carter (1984).  Kit Carson: A Pattern for Heroes. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.

Hafen, LeRoy R. (1949). Colonel Loring’s Expedition Across Colorado in 1858. The Colorado Magazine Volume XXIII, Number 2, pages 49-75.

Hafen, LeRoy R., editor (1997).  Fur Trappers and Traders of the Far Southwest: Twenty Biographical Sketches.  Logan: Utah State University Press.

Hafen, L. R., & Hafen, A. W. (1993 [1954]). Old Spanish Trail: Santa Fe to Los Angeles (Reprint of 1954 Edition ed.). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. [Original published by A. H. Clark Co. Glendale, California in series The Far West and the Rockies Historical Series 1820-1875).

Hague, Harlan (2001[1978]). Road to California: The Search for a Southern Overland Route, 1540-1848. San Jose: Authors Choice Press [Originally Published by Arthur Clark Company American Trails Series XI].

Harrington, J. P. (1916).  The Ethnogeography of the Tewa Indians.  Bureau of American Ethnography, 29th Annual Report. Washington, D.C.

Hawk, C. C. (2009). Caminos Antiguos: Historic Trails, Archaeology and History in Taos. In E. J. Brown, K. Armstrong, D. M. Brugge, & C. J. Condie (Eds.), Between the Mountains; Beyond the Mountains: Papers in Honor of Paul R. Williams (Vol. Papers of the Archaeological Society of New Mexico Number 35, pp. 81-94). Albuquerque: Albuquerque Archaeological Society.

Heap, Gwinn Harris (1854).  Central Route to the Pacific, from the Valley of the Mississippi to California: Journal of the Expedition of E. F. Beale, Superintendent of Indian Affairs in California, and Gwinn Harris Heap, from Missouri to California, in 1853.  Philadelphia: Lippincott, Grambo, and Co.[Nabu Public Domain Reprints].

Hendricks, Rick and John P. Wilson (1996).  The Navajos in 1705: Roque Madrid’s Campaign Journal. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.

Hill, Joseph J. (1921).  The Old Spanish Trail: A Study of Spanish and Mexican Trade and Exploration Northwest from New Mexico to the Great Basin and California.  The Hispanic American Historical Review Vol. 4, No. 3:444-473.

Horn, Jonathan C. (2005). Recordation of Two Segments of the Northern Branch of The Spanish Trail/Salt Lake Wagon Road, Delta and Mesa Counties, Colorado. Montrose: Alpine Archaeological Consultants, Inc.

Horn, Jonathan C. (2010).  Consideration of the Route of the Northern Branch of the Spanish Trail

From the Cochetopa Pass Area to the Uncompahgre Valley. Unpublished Manuscript.  Montrose: Alpine Archaeological Consultants, Inc.

Jackson, Donald and Mary Lee Spence, editors (1970).  The Expeditions of John Charles Frémont. Volume 1: Travels from 1838-1844. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

Jackson, James Turrentine. (1979).  Wagon Roads West: A Study of Federal Road Surveys and Construction in the Trans-Missippi West, 1846-1869. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.

Kessler, R. (1998). Old Spanish Trail North Branch and Its Travelers. Santa Fe: Sunstone Press.

Madsen, Steven K. (2010). Exploring the Desert Stone: John N. Macomb’s 1859 Expedition to the Canyonlands of the Colorado. Logan: Utah State University Press.

Marcy, Randolph B. (1859).  The Prarie Traveler: A Hand-Book for Overland Expeditions. New York: Harper and Brothers, Publishers.

Matheson, Alva. (2007). Spanish Trails Navigation: The Dominguez/Escalante Expedition of 1776. IN National Spanish Trails Symposium Proceedings held October 12th 2007. Cedar City: Privately Published.

McNierney, M. (Ed.). (1980). Taos 1847. Boulder, Colorado: Johnson Publishing Company.

McGoffin, Susan Shelby. (1982 [1847]).  Down the Santa Fe Trail and into Mexico.  Edited by Stella M. Drumm. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.

Miller, Skip Keith (no date).  Hacienda de los Martinez circa 1804: A Brief History. Taos: Taos Historic Museums.

Mutel, Cornelia Fleischer and John C. Emerick (1984).  From Grassland to Glacier: The Natural History of Colorado. Boulder: Johnson Books.

Myrick, David F. (1970).  New Mexico’s Railroads: An Historical Survey. Golden: Colorado Railroad Museum.

Nelson, Jack. (1996).  North Branch of the “Old Spanish Trail.” Journal of the Western Slope, Volume 11, Number 4, pages 1-43.

Nelson, J. W. (2003). Forgotten Pathfinders Along the North Branch of the Old Spanish Trail 1650-1850. Grand Junction: Privately Published.

Parsons, Elsie Clews (1936). Taos Pueblo. General Series in Anthropology Number 2. Menasha, Wisconsin: George Banta Publishing Company [Johnson Reprint Corporation 1970]

Ramsay, J. B., Bennett, C., Dickson, P., & Ramsay, B. (2002, May). Report on an Extension of the Camino Real de Tierra Adentro from Velarde to Pilar and an Early Trail from Pilar to Picuris. Unpublished Manuscript on File at Palace of the Governors, Museum of New Mexico.

Robinson, John W. (2005).  Gateways to Southern California: Indian Footpaths, Horse Trails, Wagon Roads, Railroads and Highways.  City of Industry: The Big Santa Anita Historical Society.

Rogers, Gary F.(1982).  Then and Now: A Photographic History of Vegetation Change in the Central Great Basin Desert. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.

Rogers, Gary F., Harold E. Maulde and Raymond M. Turner. (1984). Bibliography of Repeat Photography for Evaluating Landscape Change. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.

Ruffner, E.H. (1876). Report on Lines of Communication between Colorado and Northern and Western New Mexico.  US House of Representatives 44 Congress, 1st Session, Ex. Doc. No 172.

Ruxton, George A.F. (1847[1973]). Adventures in Mexico and the Rocky Mountains. Reprint Edition. Glorieta: The Rio Grande Press.

Sanchez, Joseph P. (1997).  Explorers, Traders, and Slavers: Forging the Old Spanish Trail, 1678-1850. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.

Schilling, John H. (1960).  Mineral Resources of Taos County, New Mexico. Scorro: State Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources Bulletin 71.

Simmons, Virginia McConnell (2000).  The Ute Indians of Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico.  Boulder: The University Press of Colorado.

Simonson, Harry (1987).  The WPA Guide to 1930s Colorado. Lawrence: University of Kansas.

Spence, Mary Lee, Editor (1984). The Expeditions of John C. Frémont, Volume 3: Travels from 1848- 1854. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

Sullivan, Maurice S.(1934 [1992]). The Travels of Jedediah Smith: A Documentary Outline, Including his Journal. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.

Tiller, Veronica E. Velarde (1983).  The Jicarilla Apache Tribe: A History, 1846-1970. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.

The Rock-Color Chart Committee.(1995). Rock Color Chart with Genuine Munsell Color Chips. Boulder, Colorado: Geological Society of America.

Thomas, Alfred Barnaby (1932 [1969]).  Forgotten Frontiers: A Study of the Spanish Indian Policy of Don Juan Bautista de Anza, Governor of New Mexico 1777-1787. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.

USDA Forest Service. (2011) Trail Fundamentals. Web publication accessed 3 April 2011. http://www.fs.fed.us/recreation/programs/trail-management/trail-fundamentals/

USDA Soil Conservation Service (1939).  Tewa Basin Study 1935.  Volume II The Spanish American Villages. Albuquerque: Southwestern Region, Economic Surveys Division.

USDI Bureau of Land Management (1882). General Land Office Plat for the Ute Principle Meridian.  Microfiche on File at the Grand Junction Field Office.

USDI Bureau of Land Management (1987). Draft Uncompahgre Resource Area Resource Management Plan and Environmental Impact Statement. Montrose: Bureau of Land Management.

USDI Bureau of Land Management. (2011). Manual H-8410-1 - Visual Resource Inventory. Web publication accessed 3 April 2011. http://www.blm.gov/nstc/VRM/8410.html

Walker, Clliford J. (2009). Gone the Way of the Earth: Indian Slave Trade in the Old Southwest. Third Edition. Barstow: Mojave River Valley Museum.

War Department. (1858). Map of the territory of the United States from the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean; ordered by Jeff'n Davis, Secretary of War to accompany the reports of the explorations for a railroad route. Compiled from authorized explorations and other reliable data by G. K. Warren ... under the direction of W. H. Emory in 1854 and of A. A. Humphreys 1854-5-6-7. Engr. by Selmar Siebert. Digital Copy Library of Congress Discovery and Exploration Map 117 of 127 retrieved 31 Mar 2011. Digital ID g4050 mf000067 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g4050.mf000067

Warner, Ted J., Editor and Fray Angelico Chavez, Translator (1995).  The Dominguez-Escalante Journal: Their Expedition through Colorado, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico in 1776. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.

Weber, David J. (1971).  The Taos Trappers: The Fur Trade in the Far Southwest, 1540-1846. Norman: University of Oklahoma

Weber, David J. (1993).  “Introduction.” The Old Spanish Trail: Santa Fe to Los Angeles by Leroy R and Ann W. Hafen. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.

Wheat, Carl I. (1957[2004]. Mapping the Transmissippi West: 1540-1861. San Francisco: The Institute of Historical Cartography [Reprint Edition Martino Publishing, Mansfield Centre, CT].

Wroth, William, editor (2000). Ute Indian Arts and Culture: From Prehistory to the New Millenium.  Colorado Springs: Taylor Museum of the Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center.